How should a nurse explain that the breathing pattern has been altered when a patient complains of tachypnea? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased pH levels stimulate chemore-ceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries, which stimulates the phrenic nerve.
b. Decreased oxygen level signals the phrenic nerve to alter the respiration rate.
c. Muscles of respiration respond to the sti-mulus.
d. The brain has become hypoxic and causes an alteration in the respiration rate.
e. Deflated lung tissue results in an altered respiration rate.
B, C
A decreased oxygen level stimulates the phrenic nerve to signal the muscles of respiration to do the work of breathing. A decreasing pH level is the stimulus to the chemoreceptors. Neither the brain nor the lungs signal for tachypnea.
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What will be an ideal response?