Fred suffers from chronic emphysema. Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly. How can this be?
What will be an ideal response?
As long as the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid is 20:1, the pH of body fluids will remain normal. Since Fred's condition is chronic (long term) his body has compensated for the excess carbonic acid (the result of hypercapnea due to poor ventilation) by increasing the amount of bicarbonate to match the elevated level of acid. This process involves the kidneys where some of the excess carbon dioxide is converted into carbonic acid and the carbonic acid is allowed to dissociate. The hydrogen ions are secreted and the newly formed bicarbonate is conserved to maintain a proper buffering capacity.
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Using the figure below, identify the labeled part.
1) Label A: ______________________________
2) Label B: ______________________________
3) Label C: ______________________________
4) Label D: ______________________________
5) Label E: ______________________________
6) Label F: ______________________________
7) Label G: ______________________________
8) Label H: ______________________________
9) Label I: ______________________________
10) Label J: ______________________________
11) Label K: ______________________________
12) Label L: ______________________________
13) Label M: ______________________________
14) Label N: ______________________________
15) Label O: ______________________________
16) Label P: ______________________________
17) Label Q: ______________________________
18) Label R: ______________________________
19) Label S: ______________________________
20) Label T: ______________________________
21) Label U: ______________________________
The falciform ligament connects which organ to the diaphragm?
A) transverse colon B) ileum C) liver D) stomach
Cellular immunity uses MHC-I and MHC-II, but humoral immunity uses only MHC-II.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a
A. 1% solution. B. 1 molar solution. C. 10% solution. D. 1 osmolal solution. E. None of these choices are correct.