One advantage of signaling pathways involving the generation of second messengers has compared to a signaling pathway that utilizes the influx of ions is
a. the former are much faster in terms of generating cellular responses to first messengers.
b. the former are slower in terms of generating cellular responses, allowing cells to be more circumspect in their response to chemical signals.
c. the former require less first messenger to elicit a response, since they allow for signal amplification.
d. the former require more first messenger to elicit a response, allowing for more rapid termination of the signaling event.
e. none of these.
C
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Which of the following statements is not true?
A. The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are long compared to sympathetic preganglionic fibers. B. The effects of the parasympathetic system are more local and specific than the widespread effects of the sympathetic system. C. There is extensive neuronal divergence in the parasympathetic system compared to the sympathetic system. D. The parasympathetic system is the craniosacral division while the sympathetic is the thoracolumbar division. E. The ganglia associated with the parasympathetic division are located near or within target organs while most of the sympathetic ganglia are near the spinal cord.
Define bloat
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is the best definition of physiology?
A) the study of the tissues and organs of the human body B) the study of body structures C) the study of how the body functions and of the work that cells must do to keep the body stable and operating efficiently D) the study of human growth and development
What is coupled with glucose reabsorption using a symporter in the early part of the proximal tubule?
A) sodium ions B) amino acids C) hydrogen ions D) bicarbonate ions