In prokaryotes, the genes for metabolic pathways are ____
a. always expressed for early steps in the pathway, but generally not expressed for later steps in the pathway
b. always expressed so the bacteria can respond to rapidly to changing conditions
c. turned on and off as conditions change
d. always independently regulated
e. generally expressed at low levels, but expressed at high levels when conditions warrant
ANSWER: c
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When a reaction reaches equilibrium,
a. there is no longer entropy in the system. b. the chemical reactions cease. c. the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. d. the concentration of reactants equals the concentration of products. e. ATP is no longer required to drive the reaction.
The fundamental unit of most covalent compounds is the ______
A) electron B) ion C) molecule D) atom
Formation of ____________________ is an intermediate stage in the development of colon cancer. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
When DNA is heated to just below boiling (90°C-95°C),
A. the helix unwinds but hydrogen bonds between the bases remain intact. B. the sugar, phosphate, and base come apart in each nucleotide. C. the two DNA strands separate completely. D. nothing happens until the boiling point is reached (100°C). E. the sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA strands breaks.