Compare the structural functional theories of Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton. Be sure to identify and define at least two concepts for each theorists. How are they similar? How are they different? Which do you find most useful and why?
What will be an ideal response?
• Students might use a number of different concepts such as Parson’s grand theory, AGIL, general action system, and so on. Students should point out Parson’s consistent focus on functions and interconnection of systems.
• Students might use a number of different concepts such as Merton’s middle range theories, anomie, dysfunctions, nonfunctions, manifest and latent functions, unanticipated consequences, and debunking. Students should point out that Merton challenged the assumptions that (1) all social or cultural beliefs and practices are functional and (2) positive, while also claiming (3) all structures and functions in society are necessary. Merton’s addition of dysfunction and the realization that not all structures are indispensable, and his ability to point out deviance in the system were also very important.
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Gender differentiation refers to:
a. culturally defined roles and demeanor for men and women b. the differences between the sexes c. the process of socialization d. the discrimination of men against women e. none of the above
Men are present in the background of the major policy documents concerned with gender equality; when talking about women's suffering, there is an implied comparison with:
a. men as the advantaged group b. children as the suffering group c. men's suffering d. women's power
Which of the following is not a function of social institutions?
a. The socialization of new members of the society b. Providing members with an ultimate sense of purpose c. Replacement of societys members d. Supporting members economically
How do our social class, race, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation influence our micro-level choices with respect to dating?
A. Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans have gendered scripts, but Whites and Asian Americans do not. B. LGBTs may have a more difficult time meeting others because of social stigma. C. The middle class in particular controls dating opportunities to maintain their distinctive place in society. D. Social class, race, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation do not really influence micro-level choices with respect to dating.