The nurse is administering pain medications to clients with severe pain related to end-stage diseases. Which of the following is the first route of choice for these clients?
A) Oral
B) Intramuscular
C) Subcutaneous
D) Intravenous
A
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Oral medications are the first choice for pharmacologic pain management. Clients usually administer their own oral medications, based on pain severity. Some oral medications are very effective for mild pain; NSAIDs and combination medications, such as oxycodone with ASA (aspirin, Percodan), are commonly used. When oral, rectal, or transdermal medications no longer control pain, parenteral medications may be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally.
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