A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure secondary to an acute non-cardiac condition. Which condition would be excluded from the client's cause of heart failure?
A) Massive pulmonary embolus
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Rheumatic fever
D) Volume overload
Answer: C
Heart failure is caused by either impaired myocardial function, increased cardiac workload, or acute non-cardiac conditions. Acute non-cardiac conditions include massive pulmonary embolus, hyperthyroidism, and volume overload. Rheumatic fever is a condition that causes impaired myocardial function.
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