Describe the relationship between language and literacy development
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Toddlerhood is a period when language skills develop rapidly. One-word sentences grow to four- or five-word sentences. At first, comprehension is ahead of expression but expressive language moves ahead during this period. The type of language used in social situations differs from that used in private speech when playing alone. Private speech assists the child in self-regulation of activities. The toddler’s primitive level of thought is reflected in his or her language. Appropriate adult conversation is vital to language development. Adults serve as language models and as conversation partners. Oral language and pretend play are closely tied to the emergence of literacy and toddlers gain knowledge that print and writing are symbols of oral language. They learn that literacy activities are pleasurable, that literacy activities occur in predictable routines, that language is an important part of reading and drawing, that literacy materials are handled in special ways, that literacy involves the use of symbols, that literacy involves communicating meanings, and that literacy arises from social interactions embedded in cultural practices.
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Which of the following statements best encapsulates a movement cycle?
a. A movement cycle exists when a child performs a behavior involving movement instead of behaving in a stationary fashion. b. A movement cycle exists if a behavior has a specific beginning and ending point. c. A movement cycle exists when teachers administer tests that have a specific number of questions on them. d. A movement cycle exists when more than one adult observes a child’s behavior.
It is the third week of September, and you are just beginning to know your first-grade students. One child, Marcus, stands out in your mind. He has not made friends with any playmates so far, and he rarely talks to the other children. Yesterday, during playtime, he stomped on a cardboard puzzle after playing with it for several minutes. Later, he told you he got mad at it because “it wasn't all
fitting in.” During the past several days, he has had several such outbursts, usually when things get busy in the class, such as when lining up for lunch or recess, or marching to music. Given his behavior, you think he may a. have dyslexia. b. have a low IQ. c. be suffering from abuse. d. be homeless.
Of the following questions, which is least consistent with suggestions for classroom practice based on social influences on learning and knowledge construction?
a. "Do you think the density of alcohol is greater or less than the density of water, and why do you think so?" b. "Explain how the density of water compares to the density of alcohol." c. "What is the principle that relates density and flotation?" d. "What are the chemical formulas for ice and for alcohol?"
A lecture that discussed the background and outcome of the fall of the New York City World Trade Center Towers would fit most appropriately in the following lecture format:
a. Dates: when things took place. b. Cause/Effect: an event happened, and these were the consequences. c. Compare/Contrast: similarities in subjects and differences in subjects. d. Stream of Consciousness: details as they come to mind.