Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with the pathogenesis of gallstones?
A) Excess serum ammonia and urea levels
B) Portal hypertension
C) Abnormalities or stasis of bile
D) High-cholesterol diet
Ans: C
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Three factors contribute to the formation of gallstones: abnormalities in the composition of bile, stasis of bile, and inflammation of the gallbladder. Portal hypertension, a high-cholesterol diet, and excess ammonia and/or urea are not causative factors of cholelithiasis.
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