The underlying physiological process leading to pure hypercapnic respiratory failure is which of the following?
a. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
b. Intrapulmonary shunting
c. Diffusion impairment
d. Alveolar hypoventilation
ANS: D
When a person cannot achieve adequate ventilation to maintain a normal partial pressure of car-bon dioxide in the arteries (PaCO2), it is known as acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Ventila-tion/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, intrapulmonary shunting, and diffusion impairment lead to hy-poxemic respiratory failure.
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