Sentencing of offenders is assessed differently using different ethical perspectives. Explain
What will be an ideal response?
The sentence of an offender may vary depending on the underlying ethical perspective of the sentencing judge. Utilitarianism looks toward the future in assessing the impact of alternate sentences on the future conduct of the offender and also within general society (i.e. deterrence). Formalism looks to the past, seeing that punishment can be based only in proportion to the seriousness of past conduct (retribution). Attempting to anticipate the impact of the sentence on the offender in the future, or on others in the future, cannot be known, and unjustly uses the current offender as a means to an end. Virtue ethics looks at the present, focusing less on the act committed and more on the character of the person who committed it and how a sentence would work to achieve real goods in accord with the moral virtues.
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All of the following statements are true about particularistic response to crime except:
A) the officer bases decisions on the characteristics of the situation itself. B) the officer bases decisions on the characteristics of the participants. C) the type of response supports the officer's claim of legitimacy. D) All of the above are true.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. If border patrol officers are functioning on the border’s “functional equivalent” and not the physical border itself, they must possess reasonable suspicion in order to stop a vehicle and question its occupants. 2. When conducting motor vehicle checkpoints, officers cannot single out certain drivers to be or not to be stopped. 3. Motor vehicle checkpoints can be established to search vehicles for smuggled narcotics. 4. One justification for allowing airport screenings is that passengers can avoid the screening by choosing not to board the plane. 5. Warrantless alcohol and drug tests of any government employees are allowed.
The official poverty threshold for a family of four in 2013 was about _____.
a. $24,000 b. $28,500 c. $32,000 d. $48,000
Which of the following is a criminal activity that the federal government does not have the power to regulate?
A) Terrorism B) Internet-based child pornography C) Interstate gang-related crimes D) Banking-related crimes E) Speeding on Interstate highways