A patient presents in the Emergency Department immediately following a shooting incident in a school where she has been teaching. There is no evidence of physical injury, but she appears very hyperactive and talkative
Which of these symptoms manifested by the patient are common initial biological responses to stress? Select all that apply. A. Constricted pupils
B. Watery eyes
C. Unusual food cravings
D. Increased heart rate
E. Increased respirations
B, D, E
Increased lacrimal secretions, increased heart rate, and increased respirations are identified as initial biological responses to stress. Since dilated pupils rather than constricted pupils are related to "Fight or Flight" syndrome, this symptom should be assessed for other potential causes. Unusual food cravings have not been identified as a typical biological response to stress.
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