Which of the following is a medical indication for a cesarean birth? (Select all that apply.)
a. Maternal blood pressure of 130/90b. Cervical dilation of 1.5 cm per hour during the active phase of laborc. Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate with minimal variabilityd. Complete placenta previae. Arrest of fetal descent
ANS: c, d, eA maternal blood pressure of 130/90 may be an indication of mild PHI which is not a medical indication for cesarean birth. Cervical dilation of 1.5 cm/minutes is within normal limits for cervical changes during the active phase. Late decelerations combined with minimal variability in the fetal heart rate reflect fetal intolerance of labor and are an indication for cesarean birth. A complete placenta previa covers the internal os necessitating a cesarean birth. Arrest of fetal descent indicates cephalopelvic disproportion.
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