Many departments today rely on units described as "professional standards" units, "compliance" units, or "integrity" units as a major resource to combat corruption. These are other names for:
a. programs created to increase the number of superior officers in departments.
b. civilian complaint review boards.
c. internal affairs divisions.
d. units created to provide greater liaison with district attorney offices.
c
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What was a result of the Kansas City Gun Experiment?
A. Gun crimes decreased in the target area during the experiment. B. Assaults on police officers increased in the target area. C. Gun crimes in the target area marginally increased. D. Gun crimes were displaced to contiguous beats.
According to the text, the “broken windows” concept ______.
A. contends that neighborhood citizens must not welcome former inmates into the community B. calls for the improvement and upkeep of communities. C. does not involve the community members D. a neat neighborhood appearance has no effect on the likelihood of crime.
Jack and Jill plan to shoplift from a convenience store. While Jack walked out with a case of beer he did not pay for, the store clerk confronted Jill, who shot and killed the clerk. Both Jack and Jill are apprehended and charged with first-degree murder. What does this case illustrate?
A. 50 percent plus feather test B. felony-murder rule C. right-wrong test D. equality-in-charging rule
The idea that a significant amount of crime is committed by rationally structured gangs that work together efficiently and competently over long periods of time has been disputed by:
a. Joseph Albini. b. Francis Ianni. c. Donald Cressey. d. Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi.