Why are people with blood type O called "universal donors", while people with blood type AB called "universal recipients"?

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People with blood type O have no carbohydrates on the surface of their red blood cells. As such, anyone can receive their blood without their bodies attacking the red blood cells - the lack of carbohydrates prevents any reactions against these cells. On the other hand, a person with blood type AB can receive blood from anyone, because their body will not attack any types of blood since it recognizes both A and B carbohydrates.

Biology & Microbiology

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Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?

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Salps and amphipods of the genus Phronima have a commensal symbiosis

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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During pregnancy, a maternal antibody transported across the placenta to the fetal bloodstream can cause a problem if

the mother ____. a. has passed on any teratogens b. and baby have different Rh factors c. is producing HCG d. smokes during pregnancy e. uses alcohol during pregnancy

Biology & Microbiology

During the second half of an action potential, ____

a. potassium ions are leaving the cell b. the Na+-K+ pump is off c. sodium ions are moving into the cell d. the cell is approaching threshold potential e. the membrane potential is becoming more positive

Biology & Microbiology