For quasi-experiments,
A) there is a particularly important potential threat to internal validity, namely whether the "as if" randomization in fact can be treated reliably as true randomization.
B) there are the same threats to internal validity as for true randomized controlled experiments, without modifications.
C) there is little threat to external validity, since the populations are typically already different.
D) OLS estimation should not be used.
Answer: A) there is a particularly important potential threat to internal validity, namely whether the "as if" randomization in fact can be treated reliably as true randomization.
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Constant-dollar GDP can be converted into current-dollar GDP by multiplying the real GDP by the implicit price defoliators 2. The GDP does not include raw materials used up in the productive process. 3. The GDP makes no measurement of the deterioration of the natural environment. 4. National income is equivalent to total earnings in the form of wages, rent, interest, and profits. 5. Transfer payments are added to NI in the process of determining personal income.
In the 19th century, Russian peasants noticed that during cholera epidemics there were lots of doctors around; in an attempt to eliminate cholera, they killed all the doctors. This is an example of
a. mistaking correlation with causation. b. the fallacy of opportunism. c. excessive abstraction. d. rationality. e. marginal analysis.
According to economic theory, what is the optimal percentage of GDP to be spent on medical care?
a. Whatever amount we are currently spending b. 10 percent c. 8 percent d. 12 percent e. No widely accepted way to determine the optimal percentage
The real-income effect shows that
A. a decrease in the price of a good increases the purchasing power of the consumer's income. B. when the price of a good rises, consumers are able to buy more of other goods because of the increase in the purchasing power of income. C. if a good is inferior, a decrease in the purchasing power of income results in less of the good being consumed. D. if the consumer's income rises, he or she buys more of inferior goods and less of normal goods.