Which of the following do researchers suspect is an important factor in colony collapse disorder (CCD?)
a. Habitat fragmentation caused by land development inhibits a bee’s chance of finding a reproductive partner.
b. Long-term exposure to low levels of insecticides impair a plant’s ability to produce nectar that a bee can use.
c. Exposure to extremely high levels of herbicides can kill an entire population of plants and the bees that depend
on them.
d. Herbicides kill the plants that bees pollinate thereby eliminating the source of nectar for a bee.
e. Long-term exposure to low levels of insecticides impair a bee’s ability to navigate and communicate.
ANSWER: e
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Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium
A. This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium-this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact. B. This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. C. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, secreting an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. D. The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. Therefore, it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease, although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium.
The most common subcutaneous mycotic disease in the United States is ________.
A. mycetoma B. cryptococcosis C. sporotrichosis D. maduromycosis
Foraging behaviors are those having to do with which of the following? (Check all that apply.)
_____ how an animal avoids becoming the prey of a larger predator _____ how an animal finds its food _____ how much food an animal eats _____ what an animal eats _____ when an animal eats
Which one of the following components of blood increase in number in response to the presence of an infectious agent?
A) clotting factors B) albumins C) white blood cells D) red blood cells E) platelets