Which of the following substances would have the lowest rate of crossing renal tubular membranes, and would therefore be excreted in the urine?
1. Lipid-soluble drugs
2. Water
3. Ionized drugs
4. Non-ionized drugs
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Ionized and water-soluble drugs are less likely to cross renal tubular walls, and will therefore be excreted.
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