Which theory states that recidivism often occurs because the offender develops a criminal identity and is excluded from conventional roles in the community after their release?
A. feminist theory
B. broken windows theory
C. strain theory
D. labeling theory
D. labeling theory
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Economic loss through increased absenteeism, interpersonal problems, errors of judgment and safety, increased discrimination, and harassment complaints, and a reduction in employment morale are potential indicators of which of the following?
a. Over-aggressive policing b. Marijuana abuse c. Drinking and deteriorating job performance d. Rationalization
A presentence investigation report is generally written by whom?
A. The judge B. The judge’s clerk C. The probation officer D. The parole officer
Mary, Peter and Paul's friend, started shoplifting in middle school. She frequently lied to her parents about how she acquired the new clothes. One day her mother found her stash of makeup and when questioned, Mary said she found the makeup in the pocket of a coat she purchased at Good Will. Mary was enraged that another girl at school was flirting with someone Mary liked. She vowed revenge and
got Peter and Paul to help her vandalize the girl's house and set fire to the girl's locker at school. In high school, Mary was caught trying to forge her mother's signature on a check for a large amount of cash. When that did not work, Mary broke into a few of the neighbors' homes. Which of the pathways correctly identifies Mary's escalating behaviors? a. Covert pathway b. Overt pathway c. Authority conflict pathway d. Trajectory pathway
Disorderly conduct crimes are offenses against public order and morals
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false