Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
E. 1 or 3 (can't tell).
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· What type of thinking is required?
· What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
· What do you already know about phylogenetic trees?
Consider Possibilities
· What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
B. 3.
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
o This question addresses phylogenetic trees.
· What type of thinking is required?
o This question is asking you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
· What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
o A phylogeny is an evolutionary tree which represents a hypothesis about patterns of relationship among species.
Gather Content
· What do you already know about phylogenetic trees?
o A phylogenetic tree is a way of diagramming a hypothesis about evolution.
o The tips of the twigs represent existing species. As one works down the tree, the joining of twigs and branches reflects the pattern of common ancestry back in time to the single common ancestor of all life.
Consider Possibilities
· What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
o When a V-style tree is drawn with the Vs upwards, the highest nodes are the most recently-diverged species, and the lower nodes are older divergences between groups.
Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
o Since the groups with the highest node are most closely related, the closest relative of species 2 is species 3.
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
o This question asked which species is most closely related to species 2, based on a phylogenetic tree.
o The question required you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
o Did you recognize that the most closely related species are drawn with nodes highest in the chart?
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Both deletions and insertions occur during the evolution of microbial genomes. Insertions bring in new genes that may be useful for the cell, but deletions
A) may increase fitness of a microorganism by eliminating unneeded genes. B) always result in a severe loss of fitness for the microorganism. C) are uncommon because they are usually lethal. D) always result in a severe loss of fitness but keep microbial genomes compact.
If a single nondisjunction occurs during
anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I, of the resulting sperm,
a. three would be normal and one would have an extra chromosome. b. two would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome. c. two would have an extra chromosome and two would be missing a chromosome. d. all four sperm would have an extra chromosome. e. three would have an extra chromosome and one would be normal
Matching. Choose the one most appropriate response
for each. 1. ___ microtubules 2. ___ chloroplasts 3. ___ Golgi bodies 4. ___ DNA molecules 5. ___ RNA molecules 6. ___ central vacuoles 7. ___ lysosomes 8. ___ mitochondria 9. ___ nucleoli 10. ___ ribosomes A. contain enzymes for intracellular digestion B. are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled C. package cellular secretions for export D. extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide E. synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm F. transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins G. store substances H. encode hereditary information I. help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division J. convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science?
A) Discovery science "discovers" new knowledge, whereas hypothesis-driven science does not. B) Discovery science is based on deductive reasoning, whereas hypothesis-driven science is based on inductive reasoning. C) Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries to explain nature. D) Discovery science involves predictions about outcomes, whereas hypothesis-driven science involves tentative answers to specific questions.