How many notification levels of UAC did Microsoft include in Windows 7?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

Answer: D

Computer Science & Information Technology

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Based on the netstat output shown in item (d), what is the Layer 4 protocol, connection status, and PID of the process running on port 80?

Display the services currently running. a. Use the ps command to display all the programs running in the background: 

[analyst@secOps ~]$ sudo ps –elf
[sudo] password for analyst:
F S UID  PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN  STIME TTY  TIME     CMD
4 S root 1    0   0 80  0   - 2250 SyS_ep Feb27  ?  00:00:00 /sbin/init
1 S root 2    0   0 80  0   -    0 kthrea Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [kthreadd]
1 S root 3    2   0 80  0   -    0 smpboo Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
1 S root 5    2   0 60  -20 -    0 worker Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
1 S root 7    2   0 80  0   -    0 rcu_gp Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [rcu_preempt]
1 S root 8    2   0 80  0   -    0 rcu_gp Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [rcu_sched]
1 S root 9    2   0 80  0   -    0 rcu_gp Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
1 S root 10   2   0 -40 -   -    0 smpboo Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [migration/0]
1 S root 11   2   0 60  -20 -    0 rescue Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [lru-add-drain]
5 S root 12   2   0 -40 -   -    0 smpboo Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
1 S root 13   2   0 80  0   -    0 smpboo Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
5 S root 14   2   0 80  0   -    0 devtmp Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]
1 S root 15   2   0 60  -20 -    0 rescue Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [netns]
1 S root 16   2   0 80  0   -    0 watchd Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [khungtaskd]
1 S root 17   2   0 80  0   -    0 oom_re Feb27  ?  00:00:00 [oom_reaper]
b. In Linux, programs can also call other programs. The ps command can also be used to display such process hierarchy. Use –ejH options to display the currently running process tree. 
[analyst@secOps ~]$ sudo ps –ejH
[sudo] password for analyst:

  1     1     1 ?        00:00:00 systemd
  167   167   167 ?        00:00:01   systemd-journal
  193   193   193 ?        00:00:00   systemd-udevd
  209   209   209 ?        00:00:00   rsyslogd
  210   210   210 ?        00:01:41   java
  212   212   212 ?        00:00:01   ovsdb-server
  213   213   213 ?        00:00:00   start_pox.sh
  224   213   213 ?        00:01:18     python2.7
  214   214   214 ?        00:00:00   systemd-logind
  216   216   216 ?        00:00:01   dbus-daemon
  221   221   221 ?        00:00:05   filebeat
  239   239   239 ?        00:00:05   VBoxService
  287   287   287 ?        00:00:00   ovs-vswitchd
  382   382   382 ?        00:00:00   dhcpcd
  387   387   387 ?        00:00:00   lightdm
  410   410   410 tty7     00:00:10     Xorg
  460   387   387 ?        00:00:00     lightdm
  492   492   492 ?        00:00:00       sh
  503   492   492 ?        00:00:00         xfce4-session
  513   492   492 ?        00:00:00           xfwm4
  517   492   492 ?        00:00:00           Thunar
  1592  492   492 ?        00:00:00             thunar-volman
  519   492   492 ?        00:00:00           xfce4-panel
  554   492   492 ?        00:00:00             panel-6-systray
  559   492   492 ?        00:00:00             panel-2-actions
  523   492   492 ?        00:00:01           xfdesktop
  530   492   492 ?        00:00:00           polkit-gnome-au
  395   395   395 ?        00:00:00   nginx
  396   395   395 ?        00:00:00     nginx
  408   384   384 ?        00:01:58   java
  414   414   414 ?        00:00:00   accounts-daemon
  418   418   418 ?        00:00:00   polkitd
c. As mentioned before, servers are essentially programs, often started by the system itself at boot time. The task performed by a server is called service. In such fashion, a web server provides web services. The netstat command is a great tool to help identify the network servers running on a computer. The power of netstat lies on its ability to display network connections. In the terminal window, type netstat. 
[analyst@secOps ~]$ netstat
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp   0      0      localhost.localdo:48746 localhost.local:wap-wsp ESTABLISHED
tcp   0      0      localhost.localdo:48748 localhost.local:wap-wsp ESTABLISHED
tcp6  0      0      localhost.local:wap-wsp localhost.localdo:48748 ESTABLISHED
tcp6  0      0      localhost.local:wap-wsp localhost.localdo:48746 ESTABLISHED
tcp6  0      0      localhost.local:wap-wsp localhost.localdo:48744 ESTABLISHED
tcp6  0      0      localhost.localdo:48744 localhost.local:wap-wsp ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type  State I-Node Path
unix  3      [ ]   DGRAM       8472   /run/systemd/notify
unix  2      [ ]   DGRAM       8474   /run/systemd/
cgroups-agent
d. Use netstat with the –tunap options to adjust the output of netstat. Notice that netstat allows multiple options to be grouped together under the same “- ” sign. The information for the nginx server is highlighted. 
[analyst@secOps ~]$ sudo netstat -tunap
[sudo] password for analyst:
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address   Foreign Address State
PID/Program name
tcp   0      0      0.0.0.0:80      0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN
395/nginx: master p
tcp   0      0      0.0.0.0:21      0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN
279/vsftpd
tcp   0      0      0.0.0.0:22      0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN
277/sshd
tcp   0      0      0.0.0.0:6633    0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN
257/python2.7
tcp6  0      0      :::22           :::*            LISTEN
277/sshd
tcp6  0      0      :::23           :::*            LISTEN
1/init
udp   0      0      192.168.1.15:68   0.0.0.0:*
237/systemd-network
Clients will connect to a port and, using the correct protocol, request information from a server. The netstat output above displays a number of services that are currently listening on specific ports. Interesting columns are: ? The first column shows the Layer 4 protocol in use (UDP or TCP, in this case). ? The third column uses the format to display the local IP address and port on which a specific server is reachable. The IP address 0.0.0.0 signifies that the server is currently listening on all IP addresses configured in the computer. ? The fourth column uses the same socket format to display the address and port of the device on the remote end of the connection. 0.0.0.0:* means that no remote device is currently utilizing the connection. ? The fifth column displays the state of the connection. ? The sixth column displays the process ID (PID) of the process responsible for the connection. It also displays a short name associated to the process.

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What will be an ideal response?

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