Ottoman decline was caused by all except
A. a decline of competence within the ruling family.
B. internal decay of the ruling elite.
C. the Europeanization of the Turkish upper classes.
D. a decrease in the involvement of the rulers in the activities of the government, thus enabling the Sublime Porte to become more powerful.
E. conquest of Constantinople by Great Britain and France in the Crimean War.
Answer: E
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