In the sense of the definition of social movements as "the instruments of outsiders," women's rights, civil rights, religious fundamentalist, and pro-immigration activists make the political climate more democratic __________.
A. by encouraging participation
B. by overcoming political inequality
C. by creating new majorities
D. by overcoming constitutional limitations on change
Answer: A
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Which presidential role includes the State of the Union address?
a. head of state b. commander in chief c. chief executive d. chief legislator
Which of the following is consistent with the mandate theory of elections?
a. the idea that voter turnout is higher when citizens are required to vote and are fined if they fail to do so b. the belief that a functional democracy mandates electoral participation by a large number of voters c. Mitt Romney's claim that Obama won the 2012 presidential election because he had given gifts to various constituency groups d. Barack Obama's claim that his victory in 2012 meant that the public wanted to raise taxes on the wealthy
Which of these studies would most likely qualify for exempt review from an Institutional Review Board?
a. An experimental study testing the effects of a lower dose of a medicine that has been found to be safe in previous research b. An ethnographic study of former prison inmates living in a halfway house c. A study involving observation of public behavior in train cars d. A study using secondary education data that includes students’ identifying information
The ethical principles of research
A) were developed by people other than scientists and then legally mandated for all science. B) are continually discussed and modified as scientists and others become more sensitive to ethical issues. C) have changed little since they were first established in the early 1950s. D) have become more permissive as scientists discovered that the original guidelines were excessively strict.