Which of these is thought to be a causative factor of spina bifida?
a. maternal rubella infection c. maternal folic-acid deficiency
b. fetal prematurity d. fetal infection
C
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect caused by an incomplete closure of the vertebrae and neural tube; the meninges and spinal cord protrude through the opening secondary to maternal folic-acid deficiency. The degree of neurological impairment depends on the location and the size of the defect. The infant may have hydrocephalus and genitourinary and orthopedic defects. Surgery is required. The infant's membranous sac must be assessed for intactness. The infant must also be assessed for reflexes and neurological impairment.
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The nurse is assessing her newly admitted patient and is aware that an example of a bodily function that restores homeostasis when conditions shift out of normal range would be:
A) Body temperature B) Pupil dilation C) Urination D) Blood clotting
The nurse would assess closely for signs of right-sided heart failure which include (select all that apply):
a. cough. b. increasing abdominal girth. c. shortness of breath. d. edema of feet and ankles. e. distended jugular veins. f. orthopnea.
The nurse is aware that the older adult is at greater risk for hypothermia than a younger person because the older adult has a diminished ability to:
a. convert glycogen to glucose. b. select appropriate clothing or bed linen. c. shiver. d. constrict vessels.
A 13-year-old boy, who has played baseball for three years, comes in complaining of left elbow pain and swelling. He is a pitcher. He plays baseball all year. X-rays reveal medial epicondyle irritation. There is no avulsion fracture
Based on these findings, you explain to the child that he can: 1. Swim. It's a safer sport. 2. Resume baseball gradually with pain-free motion. 3. Change positions in baseball for the season. 4. Protect, rest, ice, compress, and elevate the injury as well as stop baseball for three weeks.