Range-of-motion exercises, early ambulation, and adequate hydration are interventions to prevent:
a. catheter-associated infection.
b. venous thromboembolism.
c. fat embolism.
d. nosocomial pneumonia.
B
Prevention of venous thromboembolism is essential in the management of trauma patients. If not medically contraindicated, patients should receive pharmacological prophylaxis (e.g. heparin or heparin derivatives). Nurses should encourage ambulation, evaluate the patient's overall hydration, and ensure sequential compression devices are used properly. Prevention of catheter-associated infections is also important through interventions that maintain the integrity of the catheter site and injection ports. Hydration and ambulation, along with pulmonary exercises, help prevent pneumonia. Fat embolism is associated with long bone fractures and early recognition of this complication is essential to treatment.
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