The __________ emphasizes that the broad function of __________ is to energize behavior aimed at attaining personal goals
A) ethological theory of attachment; reasoning
B) synchronist approach; language
C) goodness-of-fit model; cognition
D) functionalist approach; emotions
D
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An elementary school teacher practically ends classroom discipline problems by giving students "chances" in a lottery to be held at the end of the week for some small toy. The chances are considered tokens, which are used to reinforce the completing of assignments, paying attention, and other
a. stimulus controls. b. target behaviors. c. conditioned stimuli. d. unconditioned stimuli.
A classic study of typists between 19 and 72 years of age showed that
a. typing speed was the same regardless of age. b. older adults are not able to compensate for decreased reaction time. c. the older typists took less time to react to visual stimuli because they were really focused. d. the younger typists read ahead and were ready to type those words sooner than the older typists.
Which of the following statements concerning adolescent friendships is FALSE?
A) Both boys and girls exhibit highly intimate friendships during early adolescence. B) Adolescents who have close friends tend to receive higher grades and have higher self-esteem. C) Adolescents are often friends with individuals who are similar to themselves. D) Adolescents spend twice as much time with friends than with parents or siblings.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three general outcomes of an individual’s compensatory efforts, according to Adler?
A. genius B. degeneration C. neurosis D. compensation