The "exclusionary rule" is interpreted to protect which of the following?
a. no person can be excluded from participation in the political system
b. individuals can be prevented from giving speeches if violence might result
c. no opposing or minority view can be excluded from public discussion
d. evidence gathered illegally cannot be used against a defendant in court
Answer: d. evidence gathered illegally cannot be used against a defendant in court
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The significance level reported in a research study can be explained by which of the
following? a) importance of the results to the benefit of society b) statistical methods to determine the results of the study c) risk associated with not being 100% confident the difference is due to the treatment d) importance of the results to the benefit of an individual
Attempts by the U.S. government to ensure that blacks enjoyed equal citizenship in fact as well as in theory after the Civil War ______.
a. were generally successful with few exceptions b. were blocked by Republicans in Congress c. essentially ended by the time Reconstruction was completed and only later were reinitiated d. were not successful until the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment e. were not successful until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
Why were the first immigration restrictions adopted by the United States?
a. no poor immigrants b. no uneducated immigrants c. no Chinese immigrants— d. no criminals or prostitutes
Which of the following contributes to the unpopularity of welfare programs in the United States?
a. Americans are generally uncompassionate. b. Americans tend to think that U.S. welfare programs are not generous enough. c. Many Americans believe that access to welfare benefits contributes to the flood of immigrants. d. Welfare programs tend to increase inflation and decrease exports.