According to Seligman, learned helplessness during infancy and early childhood can predispose us to a(n):
a. secondary-process thought.
c. primary-process thought.
b. internal locus of control.
d. pessimistic explanatory style.
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Although learned helplessness can occur throughout life, Seligman suggested that we are particularly vulnerable to developing those feelings in infancy and early childhood. During these formative years the experience of learned helplessness can predispose us to the pessimistic explanatory style (Seligman, 1975).
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