A client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is 2.0 ng/mL. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. Inform the client that the results are nor-mal and no cancer has been detected.
b. Inform the client that results are normal and schedule a digital rectal examination.
c. Let the client know that the results are elevated and he is at risk for prostate can-cer.
d. Tell the client that cancer is indicated and that the health care provider recommends watchful waiting.
B
A normal PSA in men younger than age 50 is less than 2.5 ng/mL. Although the finding is within normal limits for a PSA value, a client could have prostate cancer and not present with an ele-vated PSA. Also, laboratory findings should not be used as the sole screening tool. Without a digital rectal examination (DRE), the health care provider cannot know whether the client is in the early stages of prostate cancer. The client should be informed that although the level is within the normal range, he still needs a DRE.
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