In general, there is a positive change in free energy associated with reduction reactions, and most of them are coupled with oxidation reactions
The last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol involves the reduction of a carbon–carbon double bond. What activated carrier molecule is used in this reaction (and generally for the reduction of lipids) and how would this reaction be influenced by the levels of available ATP?
NADPH is the activated carrier used in the final reduction reaction to produce cholesterol. The rate of this reaction will depend upon the concentration of NADPH, the regeneration of which depends upon ATP hydrolysis. If ATP levels are low, then we can expect that the levels of NADPH will be correspondingly low. The rate of cholesterol synthesis will be lower than if the cell is in a high-energy state with abundant levels of ATP, and consequently high levels of NADPH.
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The streptomycetes form spores on their substrate mycelia.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which statement best describes the difference between cell division in plant and animal cells?
a. Cytokinesis occurs by formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells, but not plant cells. b. Cytokinesis occurs by formation of a cleavage furrow in plant cells, but not animal cells. c. Centrosomes play an important role in spindle formation in plant cells, but not in animal cells. d. Chromosome replication occurs during interphase in animal cells, while in plant cells, replication occurs when the nuclear envelope disintegrates. e. Animal cells divide via the cell cycle whereas plant cells divide by binary fission.
Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?
A. cooking with butter instead of herbs and spices B. removing skin from poultry C. avoiding packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats D. broiling rather than frying E. using lemon juice instead of salad dressing
Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression. Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?
A. Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse. B. Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse. C. More serotonin would be released by the neuron. D. Less serotonin would be released by the neuron. E. The neuron would switch from serotonin to another neurotransmitter.