________ is the term for clandestine or nonreactive methods of data gathering

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word


Unobtrusive measures

Criminal Justice

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Socialization shapes what has been called

a. police subculture b. the blue code c. the thin line d. the silent code

Criminal Justice

All of the following can be used to describe rational theories EXCEPT:

a. Classical. b. Process-oriented. c. Micro-theoretical. d. Conflict-oriented.

Criminal Justice

Every action that is primarily oriented toward justice by repairing the harm that has been caused by a criminal act is referred to as:

A. balanced approach B. judicial waivers C. community service orders D. restorative justice

Criminal Justice

Which of the following states have abolished parole for inmates with lifetime sentences?

a. Idaho b. California c. Alaska d. Illinois

Criminal Justice