In a psychological experiment, the participants were shown a collection of pictures depicting both pleasant and unpleasant aspects of their lives. They were instructed to smile whenever they saw an unpleasant picture. At the end of the experiment, the participants reported that they felt happy despite seeing the unpleasant pictures. Which of the following is exemplified in this experiment?
A. the continued influence effect
B. the facial feedback effect
C. the insufficient justification effect
D. the overjustification effect
Answer: B
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Which statement accurately summarizes the results of studies comparing tool use in 2-year-old children and chimpanzees who both watched a human model using a tool either efficiently or inefficiently?
A) Only the toddlers learned tool use by observation. B) Both the toddlers and the chimpanzees learned tool use, but all participants were markedly inefficient. C) Chimpanzees who watched an efficient human model outperformed toddlers who watched an inefficient human model. D) Toddlers who watched an efficient human model outperformed chimpanzees who also watched an efficient human model.
Moos proposed four enduring questions for understanding the relationships between persons and ecological contexts. Which of the follow is NOT one of his questions?
a. How are contexts both powerful and fragile? b. How are context influenced by social processes? c. How do contexts change over time? d. How do contexts interact with physical space?
Which of the following has been shown to reduce negative reactions among members of differing and competing groups?
a) Groups working together to reach superordinate goals b) Removing any possible zero-sum outcomes c) Eliminating competition among the groups d) Identifying and countering implicit associations
Which of the following is a step in systematic desensitization?
A) ?The creation of a hierarchy of progressively more fearful imaginary scenes B) ?Training in deep muscle relaxation C) ?Both a and b are correct. D) ?Neither a nor b is correct.