INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each question. If a defense attorney in an American or Canadian criminal trial argues that because the prosecutor has proved nothing beyond a reasonable doubt about the guilt of the defendant, the defendant is innocent, then the defense attorney commits:
A) An appeal to ignorance.
B) A false cause.
C) No fallacy.
D) A hasty generalization.
E) A missing the point.
C
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Aquinas argues that things achieve their ends designedly rather than fortuitously because
A) he believes in the native intelligence of all living creatures. B) he sees that things act in such a way that these ends are repeatedly and regularly achieved. C) he can't imagine things "just happening" to achieve their ends. D) he knows that there is a First Uncaused Cause.
Like Mill, Marx referred to what he did as
A) social engineering B) social science C) utilitarianism D) maximization
The definition "'Juvenile' means, for purposes of New York law, a person under 16 years of age" is an example of:
A) A precising definition. B) An operational definition. C) A synonymous definition. D) A jurisdictional definition. E) An etymological definition.
Is"(OvN),I ? (N ? O) .•. ~ I" valid or invalid? In the truth table for determining the validity of this argument, which specific rows, if any, are relevant?
A) invalid; 2nd and 4th rows B) invalid; 7th row C) valid; it has no rows showing invalidity