Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Quiet expiration requires much less energy than quiet inspiration.
2. Hemoglobin can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
3. There is more carbaminohemoglobin in the pulmonary vein than in the pulmonary artery.
4. The respiratory membrane is found only in the lower respiratory tract.
5. The respiratory membrane plays an important role in air purification.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
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The phenotypes and genotypes that result from a cross of Aa and aa (A = normal pigmentation and a = albinism) are
A. phenotypes:all albino; genotypes:50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous recessive. B. phenotypes:all normal; genotypes:50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous recessive. C. phenotypes:all albino; genotypes:all homozygous recessive. D. phenotypes:50% normal and 50% albino; genotypes:50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous recessive.
In "wet" macular degeneration, capillaries form below the weakened retina and leak blood and fatty materials, leading to vision loss. One treatment for this condition is injection of a VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitor directly into the affected eye areas. How would this treat the condition?
A. VEGF inhibits capillary growth. Blocking release of VEGF will allow new, stronger capillaries to form in the eye and stop leaks. B. VEGF stimulates growth of capillaries. Blocking VEGF will stop weak, leaky capillaries from growing in the eye. C. VEGF signals for blood vessel breakdown. Blocking VEGF will prevent the capillaries from becoming weak and leaking. D. VEGF stimulates the endothelium of arteries to secrete nitric oxide, which relaxes smooth muscle surrounding the capillary. Blocking VEGF prevents the capillaries from relaxing and allowing blood to leak out.
What can cause the depolarization at synapses?
a. activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors b. activation of voltage gated Na+ channels c. activation of ligand gated K+ channels d. release of Na+ ions from pre?synaptic membrane
A hematoma develops when:
A. small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis. B. large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged. C. severe swelling compromises arterial circulation. D. cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged.