An automobile accident client is brought to the emergency department in hypovolemic shock from internal bleeding. Nurses are closely monitoring urine output since a significant decrease signifies that:
A) The kidneys are probably injured.
B) Renal arteries are clogged with blood.
C) The SNS has caused afferent arteries to constrict to decrease blood flow.
D) Vagus nerve has caused bradycardia, which decreases amount of blood reaching kidneys.
Ans: C
Feedback:
The afferent and the efferent arterioles are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and are sensitive to vasoactive hormones, such as angiotensin II. During periods of strong sympathetic stimulation, such as shock, constriction of the afferent arteriole causes a marked decrease in renal blood flow and thus glomerular filtration pressure. Consequently, urine output can fall almost to 0. There is no enough information to conclude the kidneys are injured, the renal arteries are clotted, or the vagus nerve has been innervated.
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