What is the effect of an antigen binding a membrane protein on adapter molecules?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Antigen binding by immunoglobulin or TCR provokes conformational changes in the adapter proteins that expose the cytoplasmic ITAMs in the adapter proteins, which are then phosphorylated by a family of protein-tyrosine kinases. The kinase reaction initiates a cascade, culminating in the activation of NF?B and other transcription factors, and initiating the transcription of downstream genes.
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You turn on the shower and check the water temperature with your hand. Your brain is able to monitor increasing temperature because the thermosensitive neurons in your skin
A. transmit action potentials to different brain regions as the water warms up. B. transmit bigger action potentials to the brain as the water warms up. C. gradually adapt to the stimulus. D. transmit action potentials at a greater rate when the water warms up. E. integrate temperature information.
For many years, biologists felt that the highest level of classification of living organisms was the five kingdoms. Recently, some biologists have proposed that the hierarchical classification of organisms start with three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya. Explain the reasoning behind this proposal and why the Bacteria and the Archaea should be in separate domains even though
their members are all prokaryotes. What will be an ideal response?
When one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration, the net amount of ATP
produced is: a. 2 b. 4 c. 22 d. 34 to 36 e. 36 to 38.
Which one of the following separates neighboring vertebrae and also functions as shock absorbers?
A) ribs B) palatine bones C) intervertebral disks D) intravertebral disks E) osteons