A patient with a history of heart failure is being assessed by the admitting nurse. Which of the following inquiries by the nurse reflects the research on the connection between heart disease and mental health?
a. "People with heart disease sometimes have nightmares. How do you sleep?"
b. "Heart failure can be frightening. Do you find yourself feeling fearful or worried?"
c. "Tell me, have you noticed any problems with your memory and concentration?"
d. "Heart failure and depression seem to be related. Tell me about your moods lately.".
D
Depression has been shown to worsen heart failure, and a variety of cardiac disorders appear to cause depression in some patients. Although anxiety often accompanies any serious medical illness, the special connection between depression and cardiac disease makes this depression the mental health issue meriting special attention in cardiac patients. Heart disease does not have a specific relationship to nightmares.
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