Massiah v. United States (1964) held that a critical stage requiring a lawyer includes when a defendant is:

a. made aware that a crime has been committed.
b. approached by the police.
c. determined to be indigent.
d. charged with a crime.


d. charged with a crime.

Criminal Justice

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Imagine you are at the scene of a homicide. The victim was murdered on the sidewalk in front of a public building on a busy street. Briefly record the photographs you need to take and in what order they should be taken

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

In the systems approach the accomplishment of broader range societal goals such as better justice or safety is called:

a. inputs b. activities c. results d. outcomes

Criminal Justice

Any occurrence that has the capacity to set off panic-driven behavior once a crowd has gathered is called a what?

a. Initiating incident b. Schelling incident c. Heron incident d. Deindividuation

Criminal Justice

For unconscious transfer to occur, previous encounters with the innocent person must have been ______.

A. meaningful B. brief C. extraordinary D. painful

Criminal Justice