The nurse administers a medication that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). What manifestations would indicate the medication is working? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hyperactive bowel sounds
B) Increased saliva production
C) Elevated heart rate
D) Urinary incontinence
E) Constricted pupils
A, B, E
Feedback:
PNS stimulation results in increased motility and secretions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to promote digestion and absorption of nutrients: decreased heart rate and contractility to conserve energy and provide rest for the heart; constriction of the bronchi, with increased secretions; relaxation of the GI and urinary bladder sphincters, allowing evacuation of waste products; pupillary constriction, which decreases the light entering the eye and decreases stimulation of the retina. While urinary sphincters relax, they do not lose control so incontinence would not be an expected manifestation.
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