A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL and is lethargic
After being diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, the nurse realizes the patient is at risk for developing which of the following? 1. metabolic acidosis
2. mental status changes and seizures
3. fluid volume overload and respiratory compromise
4. hyperkalemia
2
Rationale: Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome is associated with severe neurological changes secondary to profound dehydration. The extreme hyperglycemia produces an osmotic diuresis with loss of body water and electrolytes. Acidosis is usually not seen with this type of diabetes because sufficient insulin is produced to prevent lipolysis and ketogenesis. The patient is dehydrated and potassium levels are low.
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