Describe the developmental sequence of the cognitive play categories. Give examples of each
What will be an ideal response?
Cognitive play categories include functional play, constructive play, and make-believe play.
- Functional play involves simple, repetitive motor movements with or without objects, and is especially common during the first two years. Examples include: running around a room, rolling a car back and forth, and kneading clay with no intent to make something.
- Constructive play involves creating or constructing something, and is especially common between ages 3 and 6. Examples include: making a house out of toy blocks, drawing a picture, and putting together a puzzle.
- Make-believe play involves acting out everyday and imaginary roles, and is especially common between ages 2 and 6. Examples include: playing house, school, or police officer; acting out a storybook; and pretending to be television characters.
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All but which of the following are cognitive factors that influence behavior?
a. the value placed on different objects in the environment b. rewards and punishments c. the value placed on different personal goals d. expectancies about the rewards of particular behaviors e. expectancies about the possible punishments associated with particular behaviors
Individuals who would most enjoy becoming a psychologist
a. typically like planning and carrying out complex projects and activities. b. tend to be emotionally stable. c. have good communication skills. d. tend to exhibit all of these characteristics.
Jan and Pam are hoarders with each of their homes crammed with things acquired over two decades. Both ladies go into therapy. Jan's therapist helps Jan to better understand why she began collecting stuff, while Pam's therapist helps her to actively change her thoughts and beliefs about hoarding. The two ladies each went to which type of therapist?
a. Jan went to a behavioral therapist, while Pam went to a humanistic therapist. b. Jan went to cognitive therapist, while Pam went to a behavioral therapist. c. Jan went to a humanistic therapist, while Pam went to a cognitive therapist. d. Jan went to a cognitive therapist, while Pam went to a psychodynamic therapist.
Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as
automatization. decentration. transduction. selective attention.