The town of Nederland, Colorado, has a winter festival called Frozen Dead Guy Days. A man named Bredo Morstoel, a native Norwegian, was born in 1900 and died in 1989. After his death, his grandson had his body cryogenically frozen and stored it in a shed in Colorado until a future date when he supposedly will be resuscitated. Why will this thawing procedure NOT bring Mr. Morstoel back to life?
a. freezing temperatures cause water to expand, which would burst cell membranes
b. death had already occurred before the freezing process
c. the ratio of surface area to volume is low in Mr. Morstoel's body, meaning that ice crystals would have formed during the freezing process
d. all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
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