What is a reflex action? Make a labeled sketch of the spinal cord and related structures that describes
the functioning of the withdrawal reflex. What will be an ideal response?
A reflex action is a coordinated, involuntary motor response to a stimulus. The sketch should resemble
that shown in Fig. 42-9 on textbook p. 890.
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Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of ________.
A. Clostridium tetani B. Clostridium difficile C. Clostridium perfringens D. Clostridium botulinum
The animal phylum with the most species is
(a) Mollusca. (b) Annelida. (c) Arthropoda. (d) Platyhelminthes.
Histones are involved in _______________
(a) regulating the checkpoints of the cell cycle (b) lengthening the ends of the telomeres (c) compacting the DNA molecule (d) cytokinesis
Dopamine derived from the hypothalamus is the prominent hormone controlling pituitary prolactin secretion. Dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion. What do you predict would happen if the pituitary were removed from the base of the brain and transplanted to some distant place in the body (for instance on top of the kidney), such that dopamine could no longer regulate prolactin secretion? You can assume that the transplanted pituitary will be exposed to a ready supply of blood vessels.
A. Prolactin secretion would decrease. B. Prolactin secretion would increase. C. Dopamine secretion would decrease. D. Both dopamine and prolactin secretion would decrease. E. Dopamine secretion would increase.