Failure of self-tolerance is the cause of which one of the following types of diseases?
A. Allograft rejection
B. Autoimmunity
C. Atopy
D. Anergy
E. Acne
ANS: B. Autoimmunity is an immune reaction against self (autologous) antigens. For this reaction to occur, normal mechanisms of tolerance must fail. Allograft rejection is an immune reaction against allogeneic, not autologous, antigens. Atopy is the name for allergic diseases, which are caused by IgE and mast cell-mediated immune responses to foreign antigens. Acne is an infection of hair follicles in the skin and was included as a choice because it begins with the letter A; it is not an autoimmune disease.
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