Michaela seeks the help of a therapist for her depression, but is adamant about not wanting to take medication. Michaela’s therapist recommends an alternative approach that is thought to be just as effective as medication. What does her therapist recommend?
a. ?a high-protein diet
b. ?regular aerobic exercise
c. ?herbal supplements
d. ?light therapy
ANSWER:
b
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Josiah checks his email several times throughout the day. Some days there is mail each time he checks; sometimes several days go by with no new messages arriving. In this example, Josiah's behavior of checking his email is being reinforced on
a. a variable-interval schedule. b. a fixed-ratio schedule. c. a fixed-interval schedule. d. a variable-ratio schedule.
Celia, who is a college student, has always thought of herself as an environmental activist. Recently, she "inherited" a gas-guzzling car from her parents, which she has been driving around campus. To reduce the cognitive dissonance that she feels from these clashing images of herself, the environmental activist and the gas-guzzling car owner, she might say that her "schedule has become too
hectic to spend time biking or riding the bus and besides it has become too expensive to ride the bus," which illustrates the strategy of a. changing her attitude. b. changing the importance of the dissonant thoughts. c. adding consonant thoughts. d. reducing the amount of her perceived choice.
Skinner coined the term _____________ because behavior operates on the environment and changes it in some way.
A. conjunctive conditioning B. objective conditioning C. operant conditioning D. reverse conditioning
Thought processes that block creativity include
A. Information overload and failure to use all of our senses B. Inability to isolate the real source of a problem C. Neither answer is correct.