The simple past tense is used to signal what?
a) actions that occurred before related past events
b) a completed action or event
c) actions and states that were finished at a certain time
B
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Perhaps the most important difference in life chances involves life itself. In 1992, men in the United States could expect to live 72.3 years and women 79.1 years. On the average, then, women live seven years longer than men. Although part of this difference is probably biological, the social contribution to differential life expectancy begins at a very early age and continues through the life
course. At high school and college ages, males are nearly three times more likely then females to die. To a significant extent, this difference has to do with the more dangerous lifestyle (particularly drinking and driving) associated with masculinity in our culture. The sex differential in life expectancy is more complex than the greater risk taking of young men, however. Even at the earlier ages just mentioned, men are more likely than women to die of cancer or heart disease. Consider men's disadvantage in heart disease, for example. Evidence suggests that men have this disadvantage not because they experience more stress than women but because, under the same levels of stress, they are more vulnerable to heart disease than women. Current thinking attributes men's greater risk of heart disease at least partly to the male gender role's low emphasis on nurturance and emotional relationships. Where women's personalities and relationship characteristics seem to protect them from this consequence of stress, lack of social support appears to leave men especially vulnerable to stress-related diseases. This suggests that, despite increasing female participation in politics and the labor force, women's life expectancy will continue to remain substantially higher than men's. The sex differential in mortality is likely to decline only when differences in personality and dispositions are reduced In the second paragraph, the word vulnerable means a. safe from harm. b. open to injury. c. satisfied. d. disliking others.
To improve memory, a reader can associate new information with what he or she already knows
a. true b. false
¿Lógico o no?Your friend Jorge is talking about the arts, but certain things he is saying are not very logical. Decide whether each statement below is logical (lógico) or illogical (ilógico).? En el museo de arte hay una exposición de esculturas.?
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Read the essay below. Then outline it on a separate sheet of paper. Write out the thesis statement and topic sentences and list the three major points that fit under each topic sentence.
Problems with Holidays When most of us think about holidays, we have images of togetherness, happiness, and freedom from everyday cares. However, these pleasant pre-holiday thoughts can often turn into an unpleasant reality. Holiday celebrations are often problematic and difficult for a great many of us. The problems connected with holidays tend to occur in three areas—family situations, personal expectations, and finances. Families can make holidays very trying times. First, for larger holidays such as Christmas, many families gather all the relatives in one place. Living with relatives, even temporarily, can be annoying. It turns out, for instance, that Uncle Bob spends two hours in the bathroom every morning, and Aunt Helen performs dozens of noisy jumping jacks on the wooden floors of the upstairs bedroom. Besides the problems of close confinement, family get-togethers can also result in arguments and conflicts. Old wounds are opened and new ones inflicted. Aunt Helen will have one drink too many and remind Dad that no one in their family thought Mom was good enough for him. Mom’s simmering dislike of Aunt Helen flares up, the entire family takes sides, children start crying, and the grudges are carried long past the holiday season. Nevertheless, as bad as family get-togethers are, a lack of familial support can be even worse. Though many family members are estranged from one another, the separation feels especially palpable during the holidays. The emphasis placed on family activity can create feelings of depression in those revelers who find themselves alone on the holidays. A second area of holiday trouble revolves around personal expectations. One expectation that can end in disappointment is the dream of a perfect gift. A boyfriend shows up on Valentine’s Day with a card, not a dozen roses; a shirt is sitting under the Christmas tree, not the coveted latest tablet. Another false expectation is that something important will happen. For instance, the hope that this Thanksgiving will finally be the one that brings son and father closer together vanishes as the day turns into the usual round of eating and watching football, rather than talking in an intimate way. A last false belief is that the holiday will lessen loneliness and depression. But, in fact, holidays may do just the opposite. People often feel especially miserable if they have no special someone and everywhere they turn, they see couples holding hands or parents and children having fun. Finances are the final area of holiday difficulty. Employees may be asked to contribute to holiday charity drives, the boss’s present, the secretary’s gift, or the maintenance people’s envelopes. Also, acting as the host for a holiday can be expensive. Having a pre-holiday party or a big family dinner on the day itself can cost hundreds of dollars. The biggest financial pressure, though, is buying gifts for the family. The pressure builds unrelentingly to buy the Barbie Dream House, the just-released video game, or the perfect piece of jewelry. Those who do not buy the desired presents feel like guilty Scrooges; those who do buy them, live in dread of January bills. Whether the reasons are family situations, personal expectations, or financial considerations, holidays are often not the fulfilling experiences they are supposed to be. They can, in fact, be nerve-racking. In order to improve these stressful situations, we must re-think our approach to celebration, emphasizing the central meaning of a holiday—and not the trying or capitalistic motivations that so often taint our enjoyment. We get so wrapped up in the trappings and expectations of holiday celebrations that we lose sight of the relationships and dates we wish to commemorate. Only by divorcing ourselves from these maddening byproducts can we reclaim the togetherness, happiness, and freedo