The nurse is teaching a client the importance of taking the medication as prescribed. Client teaching is guided by the nurse's knowledge of which principles of pharmacokinetics?
1. A medication taken by injection must cross the membranes of the gastrointestinal tract to get to the blood stream before it can be distributed throughout the body.
2. A drug may be exposed to several physiological processes while en route to target cells.
3. Liver enzymes may chemically change the drug.
4. Excretion organs such as kidneys and intestines must be healthy enough to eliminate the drug.
5. Many processes to which drugs are exposed are destructive, thereby helping facilitate the drug's movement throughout the body.
Correct Answer: 2,3,4,5
Rationale 1: Medications taken by mouth must cross the membranes of the GI tracts to get to the blood stream in order to be distributed throughout the body. This is not the case for medications administered by injection.
Rationale 2: Drugs taken orally are often exposed to physiological processes such as stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
Rationale 3: Enzymes in the liver may chemically change some drugs.
Rationale 4: Drugs will continue to act on the body until they are either metabolized to an inactive form or are excreted. Pathologic states such as kidney disease can increase the drug's action on the body.
Rationale 5: Many destructive processes, such as when stomach acid breaks down food, can break down the drug molecule before it can reach the target cells. This will facilitate the drug's movement throughout the body.
Global Rationale: The principles of pharmacokinetics that guide client teaching include: drugs taken orally are often exposed to physiological processes such as stomach acid and digestive enzymes; enzymes in the liver may chemically change some drugs; and drugs will continue to act on the body until they are either metabolized to an inactive form or are excreted. Pathologic states such as kidney disease can increase the drug's action on the body; and many destructive processes, such as when stomach acid breaks down food, can break down the drug molecule before it can reach the target cells. This will facilitate the drug's movement throughout the body. Medications taken by mouth must cross the membranes of the GI tracts to get to the blood stream in order to be distributed throughout the body. This is not the case for medications administered by injection.
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