Summarize the differences between learned optimism and dispositional optimism.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Students should explain that learned optimism relies upon explaining negative events by attributing them to external causes, and thus distances optimists from negative events from the past. Dispositional optimism involves the optimist holding an inherent expectancy to reach desired goals or avoid undesirable goals, which means that this type of optimism does not focus on external events.
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Dr. Mischel is conducting an experiment with young children. He tells each child that they have a choice to make: They can have a cookie right now, OR they can wait ten minutes and get two cookies. Dr. Mischel appears to be measuring ____
a. the planning fallacy b. the children's levels of abstract decision-making c. whether the children are incremental theorists or entity theorists d. the children's capacity to delay gratification
__________ is the shutting of a muscular valve separating the stomach from the intestines that occurs in some people when they drink very large quantities of alcohol
a. Korsakoff's syndrome b. pylorospasm c. delirium tremens d. alcohol cardiomyopathy
__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences
a) Nature; nurture b) Cognition; emotion c) Nurture; behavioral genetics d) Cross-sectional; longitudinal
Muscular dystrophy
A. is usually treated with AChE inhibitors. B. may be treated with medications that suppress the immune system. C. may be treated with dopamine agonists. D. has no currently approved effective treatments.