Which of the following is true of incomplete penetrance?
A. Environmental factors do not influence
penetrance.
B. Incomplete penetrance implies that some
individuals will experience less severe forms
of disease such as cancer or Alzheimer's.
C. Gene interactions have been shown to
result in incomplete penetrance in some
cases.
D. Incomplete penetrance refers to cases in
which individuals developing a particular
disease (e.g., cancer or Alzheimer's) lack the
typical genotype for this disease.
C
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People who have a single X chromosome are female, while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males. In order to be a female a human
A. must have two X chromosomes. B. cannot have a Y chromosome. C. must have only one X chromosome. D. must have only one Y chromosome. E. cannot have an X chromosome.
Which of the following would be an example of the bottleneck effect?
a) one species of insect splitting in two species without any sort of physical isolation b) certain plants having genetic advantages that allow them to produce more offspring c) most of the fish in a pond being poisoned, leaving only a few survivors d) birds transporting seeds from one island to another
Mammals are the only vertebrates to possess
A. single loop circulation. B. hair. C. live birth. D. a four-chambered heart with a pulmonary circuit. E. endothermy.
Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)
1. T cell subclass differentiation allows T cell clones to recognize different epitopes of the same antigen. 2. Both the light and the heavy chains of an antibody are involved with epitope recognition and binding. 3. The humoral immune response can enhance phagocytosis by either direct interaction of antibodies with their antigen, or though antibody activation of the complement cascade.