Which example illustrates how “maximum likelihood” is used by systematists?
a. Assigning humans and chimpanzees to a less inclusive taxon
b. Using the simplest explanation necessary to interpret the data
c. Establishing the membership in a clade using the phenetic approach
d. Distinguishing shared ancestral characteristics and shared derived characters
e. Using probability to determine that the nucleotide sequences in DNA and RNA change at a constant rate over
time
e
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The lumen of capillaries is so small that red blood cells must travel through these blood vessels in single file or sometimes actually squeeze through
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Meiosis and mitosis are cell processes that involve cell division. Which other statement is true about both meiosis and mitosis?
A) Both produce cells that contain half of the genetic information of the parent cell. B) Both produce cells that are used by the organism for repairing tissue damage. C) Both duplicate DNA and divide cytoplasm to create daughter cells. D) Both produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals. What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?
A. hybrid sterility B. mechanical incompatibility C. temporal isolation D. prevention of gamete fusion E. ecological isolation
How did some strains of Staphylococcus aureus become resistant to antibiotic drugs?
a. Patients did not take the drug as it was prescribed. b. Bacteria mutated in response to the drug. c. None of the listed responses are correct. d. Some members of the bacteria population must have had genes that made them resistant to antibiotics, and these genes became more prevalent in subsequent generations. e. The drug did not work in the way that the developers intended.